What condition is characterized by redness and swelling of the conjunctiva?

Conjunctivitis is specifically characterized by the inflammation of the conjunctiva, which presents as redness and swelling. This condition can result from various causes, including infections, allergens, or irritants. The affected conjunctiva often exhibits noticeable changes, making it visibly red and swollen, which is a clear indicator of the inflammation. This distinguishes it from the other options listed.

Glaucoma involves increased intraocular pressure and typically does not present with redness or swelling of the conjunctiva. Cataract refers to the clouding of the lens and, while it can affect vision, it does not display the inflammatory signs seen in conjunctivitis. Retinal detachment is a serious condition affecting the retina and is associated with symptoms like sudden vision changes or flashes of light but does not involve conjunctival swelling or redness.

Therefore, the description of redness and swelling of the conjunctiva directly aligns with the clinical presentation of conjunctivitis, confirming it as the correct answer.