The condition where one eye has a significantly different refractive error than the other eye is known as:

Anisometropia refers specifically to the condition in which each eye has a different refractive error, leading to variations in the way light is focused on the retina in each eye. This difference can result in issues with depth perception, binocular vision, and overall visual comfort. For instance, one eye might be nearsighted (myopic) while the other may be farsighted (hyperopic), or they might be affected by different degrees of astigmatism.

Understanding anisometropia is crucial in the field of ophthalmology as it affects how lenses are prescribed and can significantly influence visual outcomes for patients. Treatment may involve corrective lenses or other interventions to balance the refractive power between the two eyes.

Other conditions mentioned, such as astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia, describe specific types of refractive errors but do not encompass the concept of differing refractive errors between two eyes, which is the core definition of anisometropia.